The Dead Sea scrolls consist of about 900 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves in and around the Qumran Wadi near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea.
The texts are of great religious and historical significance, as they include some of the only known surviving copies of Biblical documents made before 100 B.C. and preserve evidence of late Second Temple Judaism. They are written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, mostly on parchment, but with some written on papyrus. These manuscripts generally date between 150 BCE to 70 CE. The scrolls are most commonly identified with the ancient Jewish sect called the Essenes, though some recent interpretations have challenged their association with the scrolls. Still, these represent a minority view, as references in ancient texts from Josephus, Philo, and Pliny all discuss the Essenes, with Pliny identifying the center of Essene activity on the west side of the Dead Sea, exactly where the scrolls were found. Moreover, Philo and Josephus both extensively describe the customs and beliefs of the Essenes, in many cases closely matching information found in the scrolls themselves. This is not surprising, since Josephus reports in his Life that at the age of sixteen he became an Essene neophyte for three years.
The Dead Sea Scrolls are traditionally divided into three groups: "Biblical" manuscripts (copies of texts from the Hebrew Bible), which comprise roughly 40% of the identified scrolls; "Apocryphal" or "Pseudepigraphical" manuscripts (known documents from the Second Temple Period like Enoch, Jubilees, Tobit, Sirach, non-canonical psalms, etc., that were not ultimately canonized in the Hebrew Bible), which comprise roughly 30% of the identified scrolls; and "Sectarian" manuscripts (previously unknown documents that speak to the rules and beliefs of a particular group or groups within greater Judaism) like the Community Rule, War Scroll, Pesher on Habakkuk, and the Rule of the Blessing, which comprise roughly 30% of the identified scrolls.
Prior to 1968, most of the known scrolls and fragments were housed in the Rockefeller Museum (formerly known as the Palestine Archaeological Museum) in Jerusalem. After the Six Day War, these scrolls and fragments were moved to the Shrine of the Book, at the Israel Museum.
Publication of the scrolls has taken many decades, and the delay has been a source of academic controversy. As of 2007 two volumes remain to be completed, with the whole series, Discoveries in the Judean Desert, running to thirty-nine volumes in total. Many of the scrolls are now housed in the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem, while others are housed in the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute, Princeton Theological Seminary, Azusa Pacific University, and in the hands of private collectors.
This is Spain’s capital of bare bathing. The long wide sandy beach is popular in summer and has a big choice of naturist accommodation. Beach bars, sunbeds, pedalos and yes, if you really want to try the naturist cliché, beach volleyball are all available. Almeria has the hottest and driest climate in the country, so the beach season is almost year-round. Most European nationalities park their bottoms here, giving it a cosmopolitan and friendly atmosphere.
Take the coast road north from Garrucha, through Puerto Rey, and Vera Playa is well signposted after a further 1.5 kms.
We were tempted not to tell you about this one. It is a lovely little beach and so unspoiled. How long can it stay like this?
Also known as Banana Rock Beach, it is in a beautiful location. The beach is fine, white sand although it is a little gravelly higher up towards the tree line. It is in a small bay and ringed by coconut trees. There are rocks at both ends of the beach and a small rock formation in the middle.
There is some decent snorkelling around the rocks at both ends of the beach. The south end is better as there are some nice corals and more fish at this end. As everywhere, there is also a lot of flattened coral from the tsunami.
The seabed is sandy. There are a few rocks dotted around but it is still a nice beach for a swim.
There is a small restaurant at the south end of the beach serving decent Thai food. They also have a handful of sun loungers for 100 baht each. The friendly woman owner assures us the beach is never busy. Most of her customers arrive by longtail boat from other beaches. She says that the tourists passing by on the road above do not realise they
This is Spain’s capital of bare bathing. The long wide sandy beach is popular in summer and has a big choice of naturist accommodation. Beach bars, sunbeds, pedalos and yes, if you really want to try the naturist cliché, beach volleyball are all available. Almeria has the hottest and driest climate in the country, so the beach season is almost year-round. Most European nationalities park their bottoms here, giving it a cosmopolitan and friendly atmosphere.
Take the coast road north from Garrucha, through Puerto Rey, and Vera Playa is well signposted after a further 1.5 kms.
Situated in the south of the ‘Sunshine State’, this bare sandy beach has a huge following of visitors from across the globe. With glorious weather for most of the year and the vibrant city of Miami on the doorstep, it’s not difficult to see why. The bare area is more than 800 yards long and has its own lifeguards and unobtrusive police patrols. Refreshments, sunbeds and umbrellas are available.
The beach is at Haulover Beach Miami-Dade county regional park, on Collins Avenue (A1A), just north of fashionable Bal Harbour. There is a large car park ($5) right by the beach.
This wonderful little bare bay has a perfect crescent of fine yellow sand, washed by a sea so transparent it looks more like the Caribbean. There are no beach bars so bring your picnic and drinks. It’s the jewel in the crown of the popular Es Trenc beach area.
The route to the beach is a pleasant 15 minute walk along the shore, heading north from the resort town of Colonia Sant Jordi. Start at the Hotel Marques Del Palmer, and it’s the third bay along. The fourth bay, if you walk further, also happens to be a bare beach, part of the much
This wonderful little bare bay has a perfect crescent of fine yellow sand, washed by a sea so transparent it looks more like the Caribbean. There are no beach bars so bring your picnic and drinks. It’s the jewel in the crown of the popular Es Trenc beach area.
The route to the beach is a pleasant 15 minute walk along the shore, heading north from the resort town of Colonia Sant Jordi. Start at the Hotel Marques Del Palmer, and it’s the third bay along. The fourth bay, if you walk further, also happens to be a bare beach, part of the much
This superb bare beach has 1 km of fine golden sand, the classic Mediterranean beach. The water is normally calm and the shore shelves gently into the sea making it popular with families. Three naturist resorts share the coastline but the beach is open to all and there’s plenty of space for first-time skinny-dippers and lifelong nudists alike.
Go north from Perpignan on the main N9 and turn right on to the D83, signposted Port Bacares. After 9 kms turn left on to the D627, drive through Port Leucate and the bare beach is on the right. Park on the road - easy public access between Aphrodite Village and Club Oasis, the naturist resorts.
2001 Whitehaven Beach is the most famous beach on Whitsunday Island. The pure white sands on this beach are a product of dead coral that has been ground down over time. The Whitsunday Islands themselves are made from dead coral that came from the Great Barrier Reef. The beach is surrounded by beautiful green forests and creates a stunning view.
Anse Source D’Argent is simply paradise on Earth when it comes to beaches. The soft sand, calm waters and rock formations topped with beautiful greenery creates a stunning beach unlike any other. Coming to the Seychells is one thing, but being on this beach is another world altogether
The name says it all! Pink Sands Beach’s mile wide pink beach is perfect for those looking for a private and intimate getaway. With a backdrop of a blue sky, “picturesque” is an understatement.
One of the most glamorous beaches in the world, Larvotto is renowned the world over for its topless sunbathing amongst the who’s who of the European elite. It is in the center of everything that Monaco is known for.
The beaches on Phi Phi Island are remote and perfect for you to live out your “Stranded on Paradise Island” daydream…to the extent that this daydream involves reggae bars and restaurants that is. Phi Phi Island is actually two islands in southern Thailand, Ko Phi Phi Don, where Long Beach, or Hat Yao in Thai, is located, and Ko Phi Phi Leh which is much smaller and not as ‘developed.
Bora Bora boasts many beautiful beaches but the best by far is Matira point. The water is an unbelievable turquoise blue and is very romantic. Bora Bora is known as the romantic island for a reason!
Birthplace of rock legend Freddie Mercury, Tanzania is also home to Nungwi Beach, one of the most romantic beaches in the world. Bringing your loved one here for long walks amongst the banana palms and coconut trees while staying at a luxury resort overlooking the white sands wins you brownie points for life.
Going to the beach to tan, play in the sun and seen or bee seen? Then this is where you need to be. The Atlantic waters are so cold you are better off on the sand. Separated by boulders, Clifton Beach is made up of a series of white sand beaches. The area is dotted with interesting cafes and restaurants, all perfect places for people watching.
The infamous Ipanema Beach in Rio brings in thousands of tourists annually. Although, unlike many other tourist swarmed beach, Ipanema also attracts its locals during the summer months. Keep in mind that Bikinis are taken to a whole new level on Ipanema, less is definitely more here.
Poipu beach is not only beautiful but the best family oriented beach out there. There are so many activities here that can keep your family entertained for hours such as diving, surfing or even going up on a helicopter ride to see the crescent shaped beaches from above. Poipu is nice and shallow creating a perfect natural wading pool.
